China counters US tariffs（中国政府精准反制美对华关税）

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China counters US tariffs（中国政府精准反制美对华关税）

China counters US tariffs

  Rapid, intensive measures range from additional taxes to export controls

  China fired off a sweeping package of robust countermeasures on Friday — including a 34 percent tariff hike and rare earth export controls — in response to the latest round of sweeping tariffs adopted by the administration of United States President Donald Trump.

  More forceful and precise counterstrikes are still in Beijing's pocket if Washington persists with its unilateral trade bullying, several sources confirmed to China Daily.

  As approved by the State Council, the country's Cabinet, China will impose an additional 34 percent tariff on all US-origin imports starting on April 10. Simultaneously, the Ministry of Commerce and the General Administration of Customs announced immediate export restrictions on seven key medium to heavy rare earth elements, as China Daily first reported on Thursday.

  These elements — samarium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, lutetium, scandium and yttrium — are crucial elements for manufacturing key products used in semiconductor, defense, aerospace and green energy.

  Citing their dual-use nature in both military and civilian industries, a spokesman for the Commerce Ministry said: "Imposing export controls on them is a common international practice. As a responsible major country, China's decision to regulate these items reflects its consistent position of firmly safeguarding world peace and regional stability."

  Other measures include filing a lawsuit with the World Trade Organization over the US' "reciprocal tariffs", launching an industry competitiveness investigation and an anti-dumping investigation regarding imported medical CT tubes from the US and India, adding 16 US entities to the export control list and 11 US companies to the unreliable entity list, and canceling import qualifications for certain US companies.

  Tu Xinquan, dean of the China Institute for WTO Studies at the University of International Business and Economics in Beijing, said that such rapid, intensive and multi-pronged countermeasures are unprecedented in the world's history, proving that China will not sit back amid unilateral bullying tariffs.

  "This isn't just tit-for-tat. These countermeasures, including both tariff and nontariff measures, aim to directly hit the weak spots of the US to make it feel the real pain," said Tu.

  Bai Ming, a researcher at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation, said that China, as the world's second-largest economy, has taken the lead in resisting US trade protectionism.

  "These countermeasures are not only to protect China's own interests, but also to safeguard the stable operation of the global trading system," he emphasized.

  The State Administration for Market Regulation, China's top market regulator, also announced on Friday night that it has launched an investigation into DuPont China, a subsidiary of the US company DuPont, for suspected monopolistic practices in violation of China's Anti-Monopoly Law.

  All of the moves came after China, a major trading partner of the US, was hit with a 34 percent so-called reciprocal tariff by the Trump administration on Wednesday, in addition to a 20 percent tariff imposed earlier this year.

  Further counterstrikes could include tightening export controls on more critical raw materials vital for US high-tech manufacturing, new energy transformation and defense projects, and further escalating the blocking of key technologies used in extracting and processing strategic minerals, said two sources close to the matter, who asked for anonymity.

  China accounts for at least 85 percent of rare earth refining, 77 percent of cobalt refining, 82 percent of tungsten production, 80 percent of antimony processing capacity, and 90 percent of the world's synthetic graphite production. These are all critical materials for defense, new energy batteries, semiconductors and advanced manufacturing.

  Beyond nontariff measures, China could still adopt additional tariffs on certain US products, particularly agricultural goods. Having already imposed tariffs on key US farm products, China is weighing further increases, another source added.

  Chen Wenling, former chief economist at the China Center for International Economic Exchanges, said, "China could follow the cases of countries like Canada and levy tariffs on US products in a high range of 250 percent to 390 percent according to different situations."

  The latest tariff from the Trump administration is provoking a strong global reaction.

  International Monetary Fund Managing Director Kristalina Georgieva warned that the sweeping tariffs presented "a significant risk to the global outlook at a time of sluggish growth".

  Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, director-general of the World Trade Organization, expressed deep concern on Thursday over the decline in global trade and the potential for an escalating tariff war sparked by US tariff measures. Iweala said in a statement that the US tariff measures will have "substantial implications for global trade and economic growth prospects".

  Michael Hart, president of the American Chamber of Commerce in China, has said that AmCham China is not in favor of widespread tariffs, and it advocates constructive dialogue and policy predictability to reduce volatility in trade relations.

  Quoting a report from the chamber that more than half of its member companies said they plan to increase investments in China this year, he said that ensuring that businesses can operate competitively and with greater certainty benefits both countries' economies and supports global economic stability.

  Oliver Zipse, board chairman of BMW, said: "Economic growth thrives through opening, not closing. The increase of protectionist behavior will not create winners, but will result in a situation where everyone is going to lose prosperity. At BMW, we strongly oppose tariffs or other trade barriers."

  中文翻译：

中国政府精准反制美对华关税

——从加征关税到出口管制，反制措施迅速有力

  面对特朗普政府最新一轮大范围加征关税的举动，中国于周五果断亮剑，打出一揽子雷霆反制“组合拳”，涵盖加征34%的关税及实施稀土出口管制等措施，以强硬姿态予以回击。

  多位权威消息人士向《中国日报》证实，如果美方执意推进单边贸易霸凌，中方还有更多强有力且精准的反制底牌蓄势待发。

  经国务院批准，自4月10日起，中国将对所有原产于美国的进口商品加征34%的关税。与此同时，正如《中国日报》首发报道的那样，中国商务部与海关总署宣布，立即对七种关键的中重稀土元素实施出口管制。

  这七种元素 —— 钐、钆、铽、镝、镥、钪和钇 —— 是制造半导体、国防、航空航天和绿色能源领域关键产品的核心材料。

  商务部新闻发言人指出，鉴于这些物项具有军民两用的属性，对其采取出口管制是国际通行做法。作为负责任的大国，中国决定对其实施管制，体现了中国坚定维护世界和平与地区稳定的立场。

  其他反制措施还包括：在世贸组织争端解决机制下针对美方相关做法提起诉讼；将多家美国实体或企业列入出口管制管控名单或不可靠实体清单；暂停美国两家企业的禽肉产品、1家企业的高粱以及3家企业的禽肉骨粉输华资质等。

  对外经济贸易大学WTO研究院院长屠新泉表示，如此迅速、密集且多管齐下的反制措施在世界历史上是前所未有的，这证明面对单边主义的霸凌关税，中国绝不会坐视不理。

  屠新泉指出：“这不仅是简单的针锋相对，这些涵盖关税和非关税的综合反制措施，旨在精准击中美国产业链的软肋，使其感受到实质性的痛感。”

  商务部国际贸易经济合作研究院研究员白明表示，作为世界第二大经济体，中国在抵制美国贸易保护主义方面发挥了表率作用。

  他强调：“这些反制措施不仅是为了维护中国自身的正当权益，更是为了捍卫全球贸易体制的平稳运行。”

  中国国家市场监督管理总局周五晚间也宣布，已对美国杜邦公司在华子公司——杜邦中国涉嫌违反《中华人民共和国反垄断法》的垄断行为立案调查。

  作为美国的重要贸易伙伴，中国在周三遭到了特朗普政府加征34%的所谓“对等关税”打击。在此之前，美国已于今年早些时候加征了20%的关税。上述一系列反制举措正是在此背景下出台的。

  两名不愿透露姓名的知情人士透露，未来的进一步反制措施可能包括：对美国高科技制造、新能源转型和国防项目至关重要的更多关键原材料收紧出口管制，并进一步升级对战略矿产开采和加工核心技术的技术封锁。

  在全球范围内，中国稀土提炼能力占比至少达 85%，钴提炼能力占 77%，钨产量占 82%，锑加工能力占 80%，人造石墨产量占 90%。这些金属都是国防、新能源电池、半导体和先进制造业不可或缺的关键材料。

  另一位消息人士补充道，除了非关税措施外，中国仍可能对某些美国产品，特别是农产品加征额外关税。在已经对美国关键农产品加征关税的基础上，中国正在考量进一步上调关税的可能。

  中国国际经济交流中心原总经济师陈文玲表示：“中国可以借鉴加拿大等国的先例，根据不同情况，对美国产品征收高达250%至390%的关税。”

  特朗普政府最新一轮的关税大棒，正引发全球范围的强烈反弹与深切忧虑。

  国际货币基金组织（IMF）总裁克里斯塔利娜·格奥尔基耶娃警告称，在经济增长乏力之际，这种大范围关税无异于给全球经济前景“蒙上巨大阴影”。

  世界贸易组织（WTO）总干事恩戈齐·奥孔乔·伊维拉周四对全球贸易下滑及美国关税措施引发的关税战升级表达了深切担忧。伊维拉在声明中表示，美国的关税举措将“对全球贸易和经济增长前景造成沉重打击”。

  中国美国商会总裁何迈可表示，该商会不赞成大范围加征关税，主张通过建设性对话和保持政策可预期性来减少贸易关系中的动荡。

  他援引商会报告指出，超半数会员企业计划今年增加在华投资。他强调，让企业能在更具确定性的环境中保持竞争力，不仅对两国经济大有裨益，也是全球经济稳定的压舱石。

  宝马集团董事长齐普策则大声疾呼：“经济的繁荣扎根于开放，而非封闭。保护主义的逆流造就不了赢家，只会让所有人付出失去繁荣的代价。在宝马，我们对关税及任何贸易壁垒坚决说‘不’。”