作品标题：Nation's export curbs on key semiconductor materials seen as fair （中国对关键半导体材料的出口限制符合公平、公正原则）
原文：
Nation's export curbs on key semiconductor materials seen as fair
China's export restrictions on gallium and germanium will help provide a better balance between production and reserves of the two key raw materials used in the semiconductor industry, experts said on Wednesday.
The restrictions are also in line with international practices of protecting a nation's strategic mineral resources, they said.
Wei Jianguo, former vice-minister of commerce, said in an exclusive interview with China Daily that under the principles of the World Trade Organization, China has the right to implement export control measures to ensure its national security and interests.
The comments came after the Ministry of Commerce said on Monday that the country will impose export restrictions starting Aug 1 to protect its national security and interests.
"This is just the beginning of China's countermeasures. If the high-tech restrictions on China become tougher in the future, China's countermeasures will also escalate. China's toolbox has many more types of measures available," said Wei, who is also vice-chairman of the China Center for International Economic Exchanges.
Foreign media outlets, including The Wall Street Journal, on Tuesday quoted anonymous sources as saying that the United States plans to restrict China's access to cloud computing technologies.
"Any attempt to promote decoupling through hegemonism, including suppressing Chinese enterprises, will ultimately be a stone thrown at one's own feet," Wei said.
According to Wei, China is the world's biggest producer of germanium and gallium. The key production chains of the two resources are also located in the country, and China accounts for more than 70 percent of the world's total production capacity of germanium.
However, the US has the world's largest reserve of germanium, with about 3,870 metric tons, which accounts for 45 percent of total global reserves. By comparison, China has 3,500 tons, or 40 percent of reserves, Wei said.
"For natural resources such as oil and rare metals, some countries have a large share of reserves, but seldom exploit their resources and only use other countries' resources, which makes it difficult for them to ramp up production quickly to deal with emerging situations," Wei said.
Li Yong, deputy director of the expert committee of the China International Trade Association, said the export controls will help better balance the relationship between supply and reserves.
Some countries have stopped mining the minerals, for fear of environmental pollution, and rely on imports from China, causing an imbalance between supply and reserves. However, these countries exaggerate the risk of relying on China's imports, which is neither fair nor reasonable, Li said.
If some countries deliberately interpret in a political way, overhype China's export controls, and take policy measures to force companies to avoid supplies from China, it will disturb the global semiconductor industry and lead to politicized distortion of market expectations, Li said.
Economist Jeffrey Sachs, director of the Center for Sustainable Development at Columbia University, said a lot of the tension between the US and China arises from the US side.
"This is the US' mistake because some Americans think that if China is rising, the US must be losing," he said. "But this is false. Economics is a win-win cooperative game."
译文：中国对关键半导体材料的出口限制符合公平、公正原则
中国对两种关键半导体材料镓和锗的出口限制将有利于平衡全球供储关系，该举措符合保护国家战略矿产资源的国际惯例，有关专家周三作出上述表示。
商务部原副部长魏建国在接受《中国日报》独家专访时表示，根据世界贸易组织规则，中国有权利采取出口管制措施以确保其国家安全和利益。
商务部宣布为维护国家安全和利益，中国将从8月1日起对镓、锗相关物项实施出口管制。
魏建国表示“这只是中国反制的开始。如果未来针对中国的高技术限制变得更加严格，中国的反制措施也将升级。中国的工具箱中有更多类型的措施可供选择。”
《华尔街日报》等外国媒体周二援引匿名消息人士的话说，美国正计划限制中国企业获取先进云计算技术。
魏建国强调“任何利用霸权主义企图推动脱钩断链的行为，包括打压中国企业，最后都是搬起石头砸自己的脚。”
据魏建国介绍，中国是世界上最大的镓和锗生产国。这两种资源的关键生产链也位于中国，中国占据了全球锗总产能的70%以上。
然而，美国拥有世界上最大的锗储量，约为3870吨，占全球总储量的45%。相比之下，中国的锗存储量在3500吨左右，占全球存储量是40%。
“对于石油和稀有金属等自然资源，一些国家拥有大量的储量，但很少开采自己的资源，只使用其他国家的资源，所以某些国家无法一下突然启动自己的整套生产流程来应急生产。”魏建国表示。
中国国际贸易学会专家委员会副主任李永向记者表示，此次出口管制将有助于更好地平衡供应和储备之间的关系。
一些国家出于对环境污染的担忧停止了矿产开采，并依赖中国进口，导致供应和储备之间失衡。然而，这些国家夸大了依赖中国进口的风险，这既不公平也不合理，李永表示。
如果一些国家刻意以政治方式解读、夸大中国的出口管制，并采取措施迫使企业避免从中国进货，将扰乱全球半导体行业，并以政治化的做法扭曲市场预期，李永强调。
哥伦比亚大学可持续发展中心主任、经济学家杰弗里·萨克斯在接受记者采访时表示，中美之间紧张局势主要源于美方。
他说“这是美国的错误。一些美国人认为如果中国崛起，美国就必定处于失利状态。但这种想法是错误的，经济学本是基于双赢的合作。”
